2024 Florida General Actual Vote Analysis ⓘ One complete unit of Actual Vote analysis work: one election in one state, with all the submissions, transcriptions, comparisons, investigations, and findings that produce one published report.

1. Scope

2. Results in Brief

^* 104 of these transcribed values fall below Florida’s small-count reporting threshold (no precinct total is published for values 1–29), 133 belong to contests Florida publishes only at the county grain, and 116 sit in three precincts excluded as partial captures (see Section 6).

3. Summary of Findings

America Counts audited vote reporting in Broward County, Florida — the state’s second-most-populous county — for the November 5, 2024 General Election. Volunteers video-recorded poll tapes at their polling places on and after election night; the comparison used official Broward results captured on November 7, 2024, before the state certification date of November 19.

From 29 transcribable election-day submissions across 14 precincts we compared 399 values covering 75,740 votes against officially published results. In every precinct where we captured the complete set of poll tapes, all 399 compared values matched the official results exactly. Zero apparent discrepancies.

Two structural features of Florida reporting shaped what could be compared. First, three precincts (X013, X003, and T007) were excluded as partial captures: in each, the official totals systematically exceed the recorded tape totals at a stable ratio of roughly two-to-one, the signature of a precinct that ran multiple tabulators where our volunteers captured only some of the tapes (Section 6). These are a data-collection limitation, not a discrepancy — there is no conflicting number, only an incomplete record — and comparing a partial capture against a full official total would be invalid.

Second, and most consequential for transparency: of 752 comparison-eligible values transcribed from the tapes, 237 had no officially published precinct-level value to compare against. 104 fell below Florida’s small-count reporting threshold (the state does not publish a precinct total in the range 1–29), and 133 belonged to contests Florida reports only at the county grain — judicial-retention questions, constitutional amendments, municipal races, and write-in lines. As in our Georgia analysis, poll-tape auditing can only verify the grain a jurisdiction actually publishes.

What this analysis demonstrates is therefore double-edged, in the same way the Georgia result was: where Broward published comparable precinct values, vote reporting checked out exactly — and a meaningful share of what citizens can record from poll tapes has no published counterpart to check it against.

4. What Is an Actual Vote Analysis?

An Actual Vote analysis is an independent comparison of vote totals transcribed from poll tapes to the corresponding officially reported results, serving as a double-check of the accuracy of vote reporting.

Vote reporting is the process by which local-level vote totals from tabulating machines are aggregated to produce the official countywide and statewide results. This process is distinct from vote counting (which covers everything from voter registration through ballot tabulation). An Actual Vote analysis audits only the reporting step — not the casting, counting, or tabulation of ballots.

The methodology is an independent batch-comparison audit of the vote-reporting chain — the same tape-totals-versus-published-results check that risk-limiting audits perform on randomly sampled batches, conducted here at full coverage of the audited precincts. Actual Vote is not a risk-limiting audit — it does not compute or claim a statistical risk limit, and its claims extend exactly as far as its coverage.

For more information, see How Actual Vote Works and Why Actual Vote Is Trustworthy on our website. For the full technical methodology, see Section 8 of the Technical Manual.

5. Methodology Notes for This Analysis

How vote reporting works in Florida

Broward County’s official results are published through the Florida election-results reporting system, with vote totals broken out by precinct, voting method, contest, and choice. Two Florida-specific structures shaped this analysis (for the poll-tape posting law itself, see Actual Vote in Florida):

Small precinct totals are not published. Florida does not publish a detailed precinct-and-method vote total when it falls in the range 1–29; the published results show a dash, which is consistent with the state’s small-count suppression practice. A poll-tape value below 30 therefore frequently has no official counterpart, and is reported as a value with no comparison rather than as a discrepancy. (A genuinely large official total can never correspond to a suppressed value, so suppression is applied to the comparison only, never by deleting small tape values in advance.)

Many contests are published only at the county grain. Florida reports a number of contests — judicial-retention questions, constitutional amendments, municipal contests, special-district seats, and write-in lines — without a precinct-level breakout. Poll tapes record these at the precinct; the official data carries no precinct-level counterpart. These values are recorded and counted but have no possible comparison, and they account for the larger part of this analysis’s transparency finding.

Data collection

Volunteers video-recorded poll tapes at polling places across Broward County using the Actual Vote app or device cameras, on and shortly after election night. In total we received 61 submissions: 29 were transcribable election-day results tapes; the remainder were zero tapes, configuration tapes, procedure documentation, duplicates, or other non-transcribable content. No early-voting or vote-by-mail tapes were collected, so — unlike Georgia — this analysis carries no vote-center redistribution exclusion.

We transcribed every value that was reasonably legible from the recordings. Consistent with our standing practice of prioritizing the highest-value evidence first, a small number of very-hard-to-read values were not forced; an unreadable value cannot serve as evidence in either direction, and there was no reason to suspect those particular values were of special interest.

All poll-tape recordings used in this analysis are publicly available at av.democracycounts.org (see Section 10).

Transcription and comparison

Poll-tape vote totals were transcribed by hand from the video recordings into structured spreadsheets — a main pass covering the presidential and U.S. Senate races with per-contest totals and signature counts, and a fuller pass covering down-ballot contests. The comparison was conducted in Python: for each combination of precinct, voting method, contest, and choice, the transcribed value was compared directly to the officially published total, with any mismatch flagged as an initial non-match for investigation.

Definitions

A submission is the set of all videos and/or images submitted through the Actual Vote app or sent directly to America Counts that contribute to depicting one specific thing (most often a single results tape).

A transcribable submission is a submission that depicts a results tape with clearly readable header information and at least one legible contest/choice/vote total for comparison to official results.

A comparison is a transcribed value that can be matched one-to-one against an officially published value at the same grain. Values whose official counterpart is not published — whether because the total is below Florida’s reporting threshold or because the contest is published only at the county grain — are not comparisons and are reported separately throughout.

For the full set of formal definitions used across all Actual Vote analyses, see the Technical Manual glossary.

6. Discussion of Results

Where Florida published comparable values, reporting was exact

Of 399 comparisons across the fully-captured precincts, all 399 matched the official results exactly. This covers 75,740 votes in twelve Broward precincts, verified with no unexplained differences, using official data captured before state certification. There were no first-pass mismatches left to resolve once the comparison was restricted to values that had an official precinct-level counterpart.

Three precincts excluded as partial captures

Three precincts — X013, X003, and T007 — were excluded from the comparison because the recordings appear to capture only some of the poll tapes that precinct produced. The evidence is arithmetic: across every comparable contest in these precincts, the official total exceeds the recorded tape total at a strikingly stable ratio of roughly two-to-one, exactly what one expects when a precinct ran two tabulators and only one tape was recorded.

The tightness of the X003 and T007 ratios (standard deviations of 0.15 and 0.17 around a median near 2.0) is the fingerprint of a missing tape, not of a reporting error: a genuine reporting fault would not scale every contest by the same factor. X013 is consistent in direction but noisier. Our Broward field personnel reported that the additional tapes plausibly were not posted, were removed, or were otherwise not captured by the volunteers who visited those sites. Because a partial capture cannot be meaningfully compared against a complete official total, these precincts are reported as out of comparison scope rather than as discrepancies. (A confirmation request to the Broward Supervisor of Elections — the number of tabulators at these sites, and PDFs of any tapes we lack — would convert this from a well-supported working explanation to a confirmed one; it does not change the published result either way.)

The finding that matters most: many tape values had nothing to compare against

Our volunteers transcribed 752 comparison-eligible values from the election-day tapes. For 237 of them, the officially published data contains no precinct-level value to compare against:

This is not a discrepancy — there is no conflicting number — but it is the analysis’s central transparency finding. The audit’s power was capped not by what volunteers could record but by what Broward publishes at the precinct level. Among the contests with no precinct-level counterpart were several that voters care a great deal about locally, including the Hollywood municipal ballot questions and special-district seats. We encourage Florida and Broward election authorities to publish complete precinct-level results by contest and voting method, including small counts, and would welcome dialogue about the reporting pipeline behind these gaps.

What the comparison does and does not establish

Where comparison was possible, this analysis provides evidence that vote reporting was accurate: 75,740 votes verified with zero unexplained differences in Florida’s second-largest county, completed before state certification. The result’s value is the independent spot-verification itself — together with the documented finding about what could not be verified. At this coverage no contest was fully verified, and the unaudited votes in every contest exceed its margin of victory.

Limitations of this analysis

This analysis covers election-day voting only, in Broward County only, in the precincts where we obtained transcribable recordings, compared against the officially published precinct values where those exist. Early voting, vote-by-mail, and provisional votes are not covered. Three precincts are excluded as partial captures. The 237 transcribed values without published counterparts are disclosed but unverified in either direction. The analysis used official results captured before state certification.

7. Thanks and Acknowledgments

America Counts thanks the volunteers across Broward County who video-recorded poll tapes for this analysis, many of them working on election night. Their recordings are the evidentiary foundation of everything in this report. We also thank our Broward field personnel for the on-the-ground context that made the partial-capture precincts interpretable.

8. Technical and Legal Notes

Non-partisan statement

This report is the work of America Counts, a non-partisan 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. Working to improve election transparency and accuracy — including by issuing reports like this one — is inherently non-partisan. This report has no stated or implied partisan intent of any kind. For more on how and why America Counts maintains its non-partisan commitment, see Non-Partisan Election Advocacy on our website.

America Counts is a project of Democracy Counts, Inc. Our website is americacounts.us and our contact email is info@democracycounts.org.

Data sources

This report is based entirely on data that is either freely available to the public or available for free upon request. Poll-tape data was obtained via video recordings taken with the Actual Vote app or with users’ device cameras. Official results were captured from the Broward County Supervisor of Elections’ public election-results data. All poll-tape recordings used in this analysis are publicly available at av.democracycounts.org.

Conclusions and opinions

All analysis and conclusions in this report are the sole work and viewpoint of America Counts. They are not necessarily the opinion of any other person or organization, including the Florida Secretary of State or the Broward County Supervisor of Elections.

Accuracy of contextual information

Some information in this report about how vote reporting works in Florida reflects educated guesses and inferences by America Counts based on publicly available resources, poll-tape data, and our existing knowledge of election systems. Not all such information has been directly confirmed by the relevant election authorities. If you wish to use this information, proceed with appropriate caution and verify directly with the relevant election authorities where possible.

Using this report

This analysis used official results captured before the state certification date of November 19, 2024. While the data and analysis contained herein may be suitable for other purposes, no such suitability is expressed or implied by America Counts.

Note for election administrators

America Counts engages in vote-report auditing in the spirit of teamwork, advocacy for election transparency, and civic engagement. We are deeply grateful to the many honest and professional election administrators across the United States. By undertaking this analysis, we are not representing any presumption that their work is inherently suspect or that error or fraud must have occurred. Independent audits of high-stakes systems are critical regardless of how well the people in those systems are performing.

Images

The header photo is a Florida scene by Lance Asper on Unsplash, used under the Unsplash License. All other images in this report are public domain, licensed by America Counts, or produced by America Counts.

Licensing

This report is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). You may remix, adapt, and build upon this work non-commercially, provided you acknowledge America Counts and do not imply endorsement.

9. Detailed Results

Maps

The discrepancy funnel

After restricting the comparison to values with an official precinct-level counterpart, and excluding the three partial-capture precincts, no first-pass mismatch remained:

Comparison status by precinct

Precinct D022’s transcribed contests were all published only at the county grain or fell below the reporting threshold, so none had a precinct-level counterpart. Precinct T005 captured mostly small totals below Florida’s reporting threshold.

Submissions by category

10. Appendix: Video Links

Every transcribable submission used in this analysis is listed below — one row per submission. Click a thumbnail or submission ID to open the original video in the public Actual Vote Video Archive.

Transcribable Submission	Preview	County	Precinct	Voting Method
▶ 4830	▶	Broward	D001	Election Day
▶ 4801	▶	Broward	D003	Election Day
▶ 4751	▶	Broward	D022	Election Day
▶ 4809	▶	Broward	R040	Election Day
▶ 4817	▶	Broward	R044	Election Day
TBD_01 (pending upload)	Thumbnail not available	Broward	T007	Election Day
TBD_02 (pending upload)	Thumbnail not available	Broward	V011	Election Day
TBD_03 (pending upload)	Thumbnail not available	Broward	V012	Election Day
TBD_04 (pending upload)	Thumbnail not available	Broward	V024	Election Day
TBD_05 (pending upload)	Thumbnail not available	Broward	V028	Election Day
TBD_06 (pending upload)	Thumbnail not available	Broward	W006	Election Day
TBD_07 (pending upload)	Thumbnail not available	Broward	X003	Election Day
TBD_08 (pending upload)	Thumbnail not available	Broward	X008	Election Day
TBD_09 (pending upload)	Thumbnail not available	Broward	X013	Election Day

Submissions marked TBD were recorded outside the Actual Vote app (e.g. by personal camera) and are pending upload to the public archive; their links will go live once uploaded. Submissions TBD_01 (T007), TBD_07 (X003), and TBD_09 (X013) are the partial-capture precincts described in Section 6.